Terms in Photography
Aperture
Aperture is a hole where light travels. In a camera the aperture controls the brightness of an image. It is expressed as an F number. It is F/ followed by a number. For example, f/1.4, f/2, f/2.8, /f4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, f/22, or f/32. Lower f/stops create more exposure because they represent bigger apertures. Higher f/stops give less exposure because they constitute smaller apertures.
Shutter Speed
In photography it is the length of time the digital sensor inside a camera sees light. The amount of light that gets to the image sensor equals the exposure time. 1/1000th of a second and 1 second are shutter speeds. Most cameras range between 1/8000th of a second to 30 seconds. If a shutter speed is too slow and you are holding the camera to take the picture then there is a good chance the image will be a blur. In general if you are using a 100 mm lens the slowest shutter speed to use is1/100th of a second. For a 40 mm lens, use 1/40th. For a 16mm, use 1/16th.
1/1000 vs 1/4000
ISO
The letters I, S, O stand for the International Organization for Standardization. Which is an organization that sets the standards for measurements. ISO is a setting that can darken or lighten a photo. Increasing the ISO, the photo will appear brighter. ISO helps capture images in darker areas. ISO is displayed in numbers ranging from 100, 200 or 400. An ISO between 100–200 can give you the most pleasing results. For low light an ISO of 3200, 6400 or higher can achieve a really good shot in lower light. Higher ISO’s can create noise sometimes because the camera sensor is taking in light quicker.
160 vs 10000
Depth of Field
Depth of field is the distance between objects that are either the sharpest furthest or the closer ones in the range. “The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture.” For certain purposes depth of field can be changed and that is based if the photographer is going for a technical or artistic approach. For different apertures there is a different depth of field. For f/1.4 there is a DOF of .8 cm. For f/4.0, there is a DOF of 2.2 cm. For f/22, DOF is 12.4 cm. And so on.
22 vs 5
Dynamic Range
Dynamic range is the vast difference between darker and lighter tones in the picture. Typically the purest black and whites. Dynamic range is measured by stops. An increasing stop doubles the brightness. The human eye sees about 20 stops. The darkest tone someone can see in one moment in time is 1000000 times darker than the brightest ones in the same time. For example dark shadows on extremely bright day. Some of the best cameras can see 15 stops. While most cameras range from 12–14 and film is 13.
iso 400 vs 2000
